编者按:新西兰人头税基金这两年来,给了晚晴经费支持,我们在此表示衷心感谢!
2月12日,信托人Maureen Leong代表该基金出席晚晴春节元宵联欢会。会上,她介绍了该基金的历史,现刊登如下,让大家对基金有更多的了解。
HISTORY OF THE POLL TAX TRUST
Early Chinese settlers to NZ suffered severe hardship and discrimination through prejudice and unjust government laws. The Poll Tax was a levy that only Chinese immigrants to NZ were required to pay
1866 The Dunedin Chamber of Commerce invited Chinese miners from the Australian
gold fields to the Otago gold fields. Many miners came to NZ.
1871 After five years, European prejudice began to increase against the Chinese.
There was talk about placing a tax on Chinese immigrants
1881 The “Chinese Immigrants Act” was passed. Every Chinese who entered NZ
was charged a £10 tax. Ships to NZ also had restriction
on the number of Chinese passengers.
1896 The Poll Tax was raised to £100. This was equivalent to 4+ years income!
Imagine paying a fee today (Tax) equal to 4+ years income!
This Poll Tax was unique. No other ethnic group was required to pay a tax to enter NZ. Chinese were viewed as a threat to the supposed purity of the white race. It is racial discrimination
1935 the First Labour Government was elected. Their policy included equality and social justice. This government proved to be a true friend of the Chinese and it stopped the discriminating practice of the Poll Tax. They also allowed wives and children of Chinese New Zealanders to come to NZ from war-torn China. In 1937, attitudes were changing as China was fighting the Japanese. Chinese were now considered allies of NZ!
1944 The Poll Tax law - “The Chinese Immigrants Act” was abolished.
1994 – The New Zealand Chinese Association commissioned Nigel Murphy to write about the history of the Poll Tax. An excellent historical book was published.
In 2002, the Prime Minister of NZ, Ms. Helen Clark made a public apology to the Chinese Poll Tax payers who suffered statutory discrimination and to their descendants.
This Apology included a $5 million grant to Poll tax payers and their descendants.
THE OUTCOME:
A charitable trust was established in 2004 with funds from the apology.
The Trustees are descendants of Poll Tax Payers.
The Chinese Poll Tax Heritage Trust’s overall aim is:
- to promote and preserve New Zealand Chinese history and & strengthen NZ Chinese identity.
Maureen Leong
Trustee
《译文》
新西兰人头税基金的历史
早期到新西兰的中国移民由于偏见和不公正的政府法律,遭遇许多严重的困难和歧视。人头税的征收,是唯有到新西兰的中国移民被要求征收的。
1866年,达尼丁商会邀请来自澳大利亚金矿的中国矿工到新西兰奥塔哥金矿。许多中国矿工就来到新西兰。
五年后的1871年,欧洲人开始增强对中国人的偏见。就谈论起了向中国移民另外征收税收。
881年通过了《中国移民法案》。每一个中国人进入新西兰都要被征收£10的税。到新西兰船舶也要限制对中国旅客的人数。
1896人头税提高到£100。这相当于一人4年的收入!你试想今天一次付费(税)等于现今的4 年收入是个什么慨念!
这人头税是独一无二的,就是对中国人的。没有其他族群的人需要支付这样的税收才能进入新西兰。中国人被视为对白色人种的所谓纯度的威胁。这是一种种族歧视。
1935年首届工党政府当选。他们的政策包函了平等和社会正义,证明这个政府是中国人真正的朋友,政府停止了带有岐视性质的人头税。他们让在饱受战争蹂躏的中国人的妻子和孩子来新西兰。1937年,由于中国抗日,新西兰对中国人的态度有了改变。中国被认为是新西兰盟友!
1944年,人头税法——“中国移民法”被废除。
1994年,新西兰华人协会委托奈吉尔墨菲写关于人头税的历史。一部优秀的历史书出版了。
2002年,新西兰总理海伦克拉克公开向遭受歧视的中国人头税纳税人和他们后裔道歉。
这个道歉包括给人头税纳税人和他们的后代5百万元补助金。
这样,一个慈善信托基金于2004成立,资金来源就是政府道歉金。受托人是人头税纳税人的后裔。
中国人头税基金的总体目标是:促进和保护新西兰华人历史和增强新西兰华人地位。
文稿:新西兰华人人头税基金受托人: Maureen Leong
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